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A
multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple
two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. It is
characterized by two amplifying devices (transistors, electron tubes or other
devices) cross-coupled by resistors and capacitors. The most common form is the
astable or oscillating type, which generates a square wave—the high level of
harmonics in its output is what gives the multivibrator its common name. The
multivibrator originated as a vacuum tube (valve) circuit described by William
Eccles and F.W. Jordan in 1919.
Many thing
in our daily need that can be easily by implement a simple applied technology.
So our life become easy and comfort. We can make anything work automatic, or
work without our intervention so if we forget to run it, or to turn off it, they
will be done by their shelf.
By a simple
applied technology, such as electronics, we can solve many simple problem as
mentioned above. With the small dimension of electronic component and small
power too, we can realize our need, such as automatic lamp, remote controller,
water tank level controller.
Beside all
that mention above, we can make many device that valuable to our need, such as
decorative lamp, amplifier, detector etc. The simple applied electronic circuits
are divided in to two groups, analog and digital circuitry.
Analog
electronic circuits are those in which signals may vary continuously with time
to correspond to the information being represented. Electronic equipment like
voltage amplifiers, power amplifiers, tuning circuits, radios, and televisions
are largely analog (with the exception of their control sections, which may be
digital, especially in modern units).
In digital
electronic circuits, electric signals take on discrete values, which are not
dependent upon time, to represent logical and numeric values. These values
represent the information that is being processed. The transistor is one of the
primary components used in discrete circuits, and combinations of these can be
used to create logic gates. These logic gates may then be used in combination to
create a desired output from an input. In this page you can find one of the
circuit.
Multi vibrator NE 555
Rangkaian multivibrator dapat dibuat menggunakan IC NE555
sebagai komponen utamanya, baik untuk monostable maupun untuk astable
multivibrator. Untuk rangkaian monostable multivibrator, diperlukan komponen
tambahan berupa sebuah resistor dan dua buah kapasitor (seperti terlihat
pada Gambar 1).

Gambar 1. Rangkaian monostable multivibrator.
Untuk mengaktifkan rangkaian ini maka diperlukan suatu
tegangan picu (trigger) pada pin 2. Dengan adanya tegangan picu ini maka
Vout akan tinggi selama t detik, (dengan t = 1,1 x RAxC),
kemudian Vout akan kembali ke nol. Disebut sebagai monostable multivibrator
karena multivibrator jenis ini memiliki satu keadaan stabil yaitu di kondisi
0 volt.

Gambar 2. Rangkaian astable multivibrator.
Gambar 2 adalah rangkaian astable multivibrator.
Rangkaian ini akan langsung bekerja ketika tegangan catuan dikenakan pada
Vcc dan ground-nya. Rangkaian ini memiliki dua kondisi yang selalu
berubah-ubah terhadap waktu. Karena selalu berubah-ubah maka jenis ini
disebut sebagai astable multivibrator. Dengan perubahan yang tetap yaitu 0
dan 1, maka multivibrator ini disebut juga sebagai bistable multivibrator (multivibrator
yang memiliki dua keadaan stabil yaitu 0 dan 1).
Lamanya siklus perubahan ini dapat dihitung menggunakan
persamaan berikut:
Perioda = t1+t2
t1=0,7x(RA+RB)xC
t2=0,7xRBxC
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